Past Perfect Progressive

Grammar

Session 3, Nov 20.2012

Mr. Roheli

Past Perfect Progressive

Main format:

+ à Subject + had been + present participle.

-  à  Subject + had) + not + been + present participle.

? à Had + subject + been + present participle

Example:

	Subject	To be			Present Participle	Object
+	You, They, We , I, It, He, She	had		been	playing	football
-	You, They, We, I, It, He, She	had	not	been	playing	football
?	Had	You, They, We, I, It, He, She		been	playing	football

Past Perfect Progressive – Diagram

1. We use Past Perfect progressive to emphasize the duration of an activity that was in progress before another activity or time in the past.

Example:

The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him.

2. We use the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.

Example:

When Ayu got home, her eyes were red because she had been crying.

Past Perfect

Grammar

Session 3, Nov 20.2012

Mr Roheli

Past Perfect

Main format:

+  (regular verb)à Subject + tobe (had)+ infinitive + -ed

+  (irregular verb)à Subject + tobe (had)+ 3^rd coloum of  the table of the irregular verb

-  à  Subject + tobe (had) + not + infinitive –ed / 3^rd coloum of  the table of the irregular verb

? à  Tobe (had) + subject + infinitive –ed / 3^rd coloum of  the table of the irregular verb

Example:

	Subject	To be		Verb	Object
+	You,They,We, I,It,He,She	had		played	football
				gone	home
-	You,They,We, I,It,He,She	had	Not	played	football
				gone	home
?	Had	You,They,We, I,It,He,She		played	football
				gone	home

Past Perfect - Diagram

We use the Past Perfect for an action which was completed before a special point of time in the past.

 

Example:

I had already eaten by the time I got home.

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We often use the Past Perfect together with the Simple Past. The action which was completed before the other action began is put into Past Perfect.

 

Example:

Ilham had already left  when we got there.-à Past perfect + when + simple past

Ilham had left before we got there. à Past perfect + Before + simple past

Past Progressive

Grammar

Session 3, Nov 20.2012

Mr Roheli

Past Progressive

Main format:

+  à Subject + tobe (was/were)+ infinitive + ing.

-  à  Subject + tobe (was/were) + not + infinitive + ing

? à  Tobe (was/were) + subject + infinitive + ing

Example:

	Subject	To be		Verb	Object
+	You,They,We	were		playing	football
	I,It,He,She	was		playing	football
-	You,They,We	were	not	playing	football
	I,It,He,She	was	not	playing	football
?	Were	You,They,We		playing	football
	Was	I,It,He,She		playing	football

Past Progressive - Diagram

We use the Past Progressive when we talk about something which was happening around a period of time in the past.

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We use the Past Progressive (blue) together with the Simple Past (pink). The Past Progressive is used for the action in the past which was in progress when a new action (Simple Past) happened.

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Two actions which were in progress in the past do not influence each other.

No	It is used for	Example	Signal Word
1	We use the Past Progressive when we talk about something which was happening around a period of time in the past.	Ayu was walking at the street at this time yesterday	while(past progressive),when(simple past)
2	We use the Past Progressive  together with the Simple Past. The Past Progressive is used for the action in the past which was in progress when a new action (Simple Past) happened.	Ilham was reading book when I came.
3	Two actions which were in progress in the past do not influence each other	While I  was coming late,shelly was studying hard

Past Progressive - Spelling

Be careful with some words when adding -ing to the infinitive.

1) consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end of the word

Double the consonant.

sit – he was sitting
put - he was putting
If the consonant is not stressed, we do not double it:
benefit - benefiting (Here we stress the first 'e', not the 'i'.)
In British English we double one -l at the end of the word:
travel - travelling

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2) one -e at the end of the word

Leave out the -e.

write – he was writing
take – he was taking
BUT:
double –e: add -ing
see – he was seeing

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3) verbs ending in -ie

Change 'ie' to 'y'.
lie - he was lying

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4) verbs ending in -c

Change 'c' to 'ck'.
picnic - he was picnicking

Simple past

Grammar

Session 3, Nov 20.2012

Mr Roheli

Written by Sutriono

Simple Past

Main format:

+  à Subject + infinitive+ -ed/2^nd coloum of table irregular verb.

-  à  Subject + did + not + infinitive+ /2^nd coloum of table irregular verb

?  à Did + subject + infinitive/2^nd coloum of table irregular verb

Example:

	Subject	Auxiliary verb		Verb	Object
+	I,You,They,We			ate	a sandwich
	It,He,She			ate	a sandwich
-	I,You,They,We	did	not	ate	a sandwich
	It,He,She	did	not	ate	a sandwich
?	Did	I,You,They,We		eat	a sandwich
	Did	It,He,She		eat	a sandwich

Simple Past - Diagram

We use the Simple Past when we talk about something which started and finished in the past.

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We use the Simple Past to describe a series of actions in the past.

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We use the Simple Past (red) together with the Past Progressive (grey). The action in the Simple Past interrupted the action in the Past Progressive (the one which was in progress).

                                  

                                     

No	It is used for	Example	Signal Word
1	about something which started and finished in the past	Nur walked to college yesterday	yesterday last week a month ago in 2002
2	describe a series of actions in the past.	Selly stood under a tree when it began to rain